1200s
Minced/chopped beef and beef tartare are consumed
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early 1500s
Spanish explorers introduce beef cattle to North America
1662
William Pynchon becomes the first commercial meat packer in America
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1818
First major packing center is established in Cincinnati, OH
1834
First printed menu reference in the U.S. of the Hamburg steak at New York's Delmonico Restaurant
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1855
Swift and Company is formed; is now a wholly owned subsidiary of JBS S.A.
Image Credit: The Brent C. Dickerson archive; used by permission.
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1865
Union Stock Yard and Transit Company is developed in Chicago, IL, becoming the center of the American meatpacking industry for decades
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1867
Armour and Company, one of the first large American meatpacking companies and first to use a plant assembly line, is founded in Chicago, IL
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1870s
Technological advancements, such as refrigerated rail cars and electricity make year-round business possible for the meat packing industry
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1885
Burger on a bun introduced at the Erie County Fair in Hamburg, NY
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1887
Cudahy Packing Company is established as the Armour-Cudahy Packing Company; by 1922 they are one of the largest packing houses in the U.S. with 8 facilities and 97 distribution centers
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1890
President Benjamin Harrison signs the first law requiring inspection of meat products
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1897
Salisbury steak, considered a forerunner of what is now known as the hamburger, is first noted in print
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1906
Federal Meat Inspection Act passed, representing one of the first U.S. laws to set federal food processing standards
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1908
Chico Ice & Cold Storage Co. becomes one of the first places in the U.S. for farmers to store fresh meat
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1912
Hamburger patty is served on a yeast roll and the term "hamburger" becomes a common reference
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1916
Thomas Wilson establishes Wilson & Co., which soon becomes one of the largest meat providers in the U.S.
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1921
White Castle, considered the first hamburger stand, opens in Wichita, KS
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1922
Institute of American Meat Packers (IAMP) launches new scientific research and industry education including a consumer meat promotion
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1936
Excel Packing Company established in Chicago, IL
1940
McDonald's starts as a barbeque restaurant in San Bernardino, CA
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1941
Excel Packing Company moves to Wichita, KS
1950s
An improved interstate highway system, refrigerated truck transport and cropland irrigation gives plants the opportunity to move to more affordable rural areas closer to the supply source
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1950s
A concentration of large-scale commercial feedlot operations first appears in California, then rapidly expands to other areas
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1953
Insta-Burger King (later re-named Burger King) begins operations in Jacksonville, FL
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1954
Beef cows (25 million head) outnumber milk cows (24 million head) for the first time in U.S. history
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1960s
Construction of large, efficient plants is the outcome of major innovations in cattle harvesting
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1961
IBP is formed in Denison, IA
1966
Missouri Beef Packers is formed in Rockport, MO
1967
Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 requires state inspection programs "equal to" that of the federal government, which are administered by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture
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1967
McDonald's Big Mac is invented
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Image Credit: Simon Miller via photopin cc
1969
Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers opens in Columbus, OH
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Image Credit: wsj.net
1970
Excel Packing Company changes name to Kansas Beef Industries
1974
Kansas Beef Industries and Missouri Beef Packers merge to form MBPXL Corporation. Kansas Beef Industries operations included Excel Packing, Kansas Packing and the 29th street plant, in Wichita, KS, and KBI in Philadelphia, PA; Missouri Beef facilities located in Rockport, MO, Friona, TX, Plainview, TX and Boise, ID
1975
Cargill purchases feedlots in Dalhart, TX and Leoti, KS
1979
Cargill acquires MBPXL in Wichita, KS
1980s
Processing facilities constructed in Dodge City, KS and High River, AB, Canada; processing facilities acquired in Ft. Morgan, CO and Schuyler, NE; feedlots purchased in Bovina, TX and Lockney, TX
1982
MBPXL is renamed Excel Corporation in Wichita, KS
1993
Public demands safer ground beef processes following a large outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7
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1993
Cargill acquires Brampton, Ontario facility in Canada
1993
USDA approves the patented technology used to create Finely Textured Beef (FTB)
1996/1997
Excel completes installation of thermal (steam) pasteurization in its seven U.S. and Canadian beef plants, greatly reducing the risk of pathogens like E. Coli O157:H7
1998
Cargill builds Newnan, GA facility
2000s
Cargill constructs Hazelton, PA and Chambly, QU, Canada facilities; acquires processing facilities in Butler, WI, Milwaukee, WI, Fresno, CA, Wyalusing, PA as well as Guelph, ON and Watson, ON, Canada; and purchases feedlot in Eckley, CO
2002
Cargill develops technology to remove debris and thoroughly cleanse cattle hides as they move through the plant
2004
Excel is renamed Cargill Meat Solutions and headquartered in Wichita, KS
2007
Ground beef is present in nearly 60 percent of all in-home beef servings
2008
Cargill builds ground beef facility in Fresno, CA
2009
Cargill acquires facility in Columbus, NE
2010
Cargill begins operations in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
2011
Cargill converts Marshall, MO pork harvest facility to both beef and pork production
2012
Controversy surrounding Lean Finely Textured Beef (LFTB) rocks the industry after a series of conflicting and confusing media reports
2012
Ft. Worth, TX ground beef processing facility is acquired